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What Caused the Extinction of Giant Insects? | Full Documentary
What Caused the Extinction of Giant Insects? | Full Documentary Seth Cohen 1 Visninger • 5 måneder siden

Today, insects are no longer giant except in our nightmares… But 320 million years ago, dragonflies measuring up to a meter (Meganeura) or centipedes the size of a human (Arthropleura) dominated the land and air.
Over the course of time, these fascinating giants became smaller and smaller… before disappearing altogether. But who was responsible for their extinction? Scientists long believed that the decrease in oxygen after the Carboniferous period explained their disappearance. Insects are devoid of lungs and bloodstream and rely on microscopic holes on their bodies to oxygenate: the current composition of the air would suffocate their organs and paralyze their limbs. But this theory was put into question in 2009 when large fossils of Meganeuras that survived the oxygen depletion were discovered in the South of France… In 2012 others animals were suspected as being the source of the giant insects’ downfall. An American study points to prehistoric birds who were fierce predators and could have exercised pressure on insects and contributed to reducing their size… At the same time, a small Pterosaur was discovered in Germany, proving that these flying reptiles could also be aerial acrobats specialized in insect hunting. By combining state of the art scientific experiment, reconstitutions using CGI and interviews with paleontologists, stones will speak and explain why giant insects became extinct. Here is the true story of the conquest of the air.
Directors: Emma Baus and Bertrand Loyer

Magnificent Three: Cities that Shaped History
Magnificent Three: Cities that Shaped History Seth Cohen 1 Visninger • 5 måneder siden

The giant cities that dominate the global economy have their roots in the glorious and turbulent histories of Amsterdam, London and New York. They each embodied a new urban concept that gave rise to radical and ambitious new city designs and technologies. This series recaps 400 years of ruthless competition that created myriad great minds and the amazing vibe that these great cities embody today.

0:00 Episode 1 - A Golden Century (1585-1656)
Starting in 1585 as the small city of Amsterdam, gradually became the first world city in human history. Watch the story of Amsterdam's ascension and growing dominance on world trade, and the spectacular innovations that made it possible. Across the Channel, London wasn't the challenger that it will soon become - but the City is growing and finds its destiny: commerce and finance.

53:03 Episode 2 - Clashes (1650-1800)
As Amsterdam is at its peak and becomes the third largest city in Europe, London gradually takes the lead, and a third player enters world history: New Amsterdam, once a Dutch city, is eventually conquered by England and becomes New York.

1:45:03 Episode 3 - Metropolis (1800-1880)
Watch how New York, just two decades after the war of independence, makes its way through and becomes the great challenger of London. During the 19th century, both cities will experience industrial revolution, modernity and the enormous challenge of migrations and mass poverty.

2:37:26 Episode 4 - Global Cities (1880-2017)
London and New York turn to gigantism and open the way to the city of tomorrow. New York invents the skyscraper and the skyline, new concepts that will revolutionize urbanism and shape the cities around the world. London, the heart of the British Empire and the wealthiest city on earth, faces pollution, with its deadly consequences, and cannot overcome its huge poverty problem.

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